The Coventry University Guide to Referencing in Harvard Style

WHAT IS A SPOKEN SOURCE?

 

A spoken source is any source that was not originally written down. This may be a video, sound recording, conversation, interview, etc. All spoken sources must be cited and referenced.Remember that with audio sources your reader may need to know the format, so indicate whether the source is a CD, DVD, VHS video, 35mm film, etc.

 

This section of the website focuses on spoken sources where the information was accessed live. For spoken sources accessed electronically, check

 

 

 

 

HOW TO REFERENCE INTERVIEWS

 

1. Interviews already available in the public domain (i.e. in print or online) 

 

In-text citation

 

Give the surname of the interviewee and the year of the interview in brackets. If you are referring to a specific passage in an interview that is published and that passage is on a numbered page, then give the page number as well.

 

Example

In this interview, Patel (2006) discusses his political views in detail.

 

Reference

 

Give the name and initial of the interviewee then the date of the interview in brackets. Give the title of the interview within single quotation marks (this could be the title of the article or article section or the title of the broadcast), then write ‘interview by’ and the name of the interviewer in square brackets. Then write ‘in’ and give a full reference as normal for this source in which the interview has been published, broadcast or recorded; also write the page numbers of the interview if applicable.

 

Examples

A. Interviews available in print

 

Patel, S. (2006) ‘Reactions to Political Moves’ [interview by A. Jameson] in Johns, D. R. (2006) Table Talk: Interviews with

Local Individuals. London: Collins: 23-45

 

B. Interviews accessed electronically

 

Patel, S. (2006) 'Reactions to Political Moves' [interview by A. Jameson] [online] available from <http/youtube.com/watch-1453>

[12 February 2016]

 

2. Interviews as research data (i.e. those the author/s conducted themselves as part of the data collection process)

 

Research conventions state that interviews that you yourself conducted are regarded as research data (which you may attach to your academic paper in the form of an Appendix) and therefore do not need to be referenced.